Rubber bullets and bean bag bullets are considered to be non-lethal weapons. But due to their large size and irregular shape, they can still cause…. Here are the signs of an ACL tear.
Wound dehiscence occurs when a surgical incision reopens. Discover risk factors, tips to ensure proper healing, serious complications, and more. Baking soda is one of several methods that can help force splinters to rise to the surface of the skin, where you can more easily remove them.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Breast Cancer. What Is Trench Foot? Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M. Trench foot pictures. Trench foot symptoms. Trench foot causes. Diagnosing trench foot. In the later stages, as the foot is rewarmed, hyperesthesia excessive physical sensation may occur. Odor, decay and necrosis death of tissue may occur with prolonged exposure. The feet can swell in some instances significantly; in fact, there are some descriptions of the feet doubling in size due to edema swelling.
The primary cause of trench foot is long periods of wet, cold feet. But, unlike frostbite, this occurs without freezing temperatures. The condition usually results from exposure to temperatures of between 32 F to 59 F. But a temperature as warm as 60 F could cause trench foot when exposure occurs over a period of at least 10 to 14 hours. When the feet get cold, they lose heat 24 times faster than dry feet.
When the feet are cold and moist, destruction to small blood vessels called capillaries can lead to the breakdown of surrounding tissue.
Constriction vasoconstriction and dilation vasodilation of the blood vessels is thought to be the cause of local tissue damage. Excessive sweating of the feet can also be a contributing factor to trench foot.
During World War I, trench warfare was a common combat tactic in Europe. Soldiers found themselves standing in wet, muddy trenches for long periods of time. In it was observed that trench foot mostly affected the toes, but it sometimes involved the legs, which would swell up as far as the knee area.
When it worsened, there were blisters filled with clear fluid that smelled foul, like gangrene. The result was that over 20, British troops were reportedly treated for trench foot.
It is estimated that nearly 75, British soldiers and 2, American soldiers died from health conditions that involved complications from trench foot or from conditions that were complicated by the disorder.
But, trench foot was first discovered further back in history. In fact, it was described by a French army surgeon named Dr. Trench foot is not very common among the civilian population, but it can be seen in homeless people, due to unsanitary conditions and the inability to keep feet warm and dry. A thorough physical exam, combined with an assessment of the environment and situation in which symptoms occurred, is the basis for formulating a diagnosis of trench foot.
In addition, other possible causes such as an infection must be ruled out. Therefore a white blood cell count WBC may be ordered. A bone scan or other imaging tests may be ordered to rule out any type of osteomyelitis infection in the bone.
Many treatment and prevention measures for trench foot are the same, these include:. For neuropathic pain nerve pain , your healthcare provider may prescribe amitryptiline or other medications. If gangrene occurs, amputation of the extremity may be required to prevent further progression of the disease, and to keep serious consequences such as sepsis or death from occurring.
The best treatment for trench foot is prevention, preventative measures include:. During World War 1 soldiers were ordered to inspect their feet daily; they were also paired up and instructed to observe the feet of their partner because it was discovered that a soldier was more likely to remove the socks and boots and dry the feet when a fellow soldier was there to ensure that meticulous foot care was conducted.
After trench foot occurred in thousands of soldiers, the soldiers were all ordered to carry three pairs of socks with them at all times. Wet socks and shoes should be removed or replaced with dry socks and shoes as soon as possible. Keeping dry socks and shoes on helps prevent trench foot entirely. The treatment for trench foot is similar to the treatment of frostbite.
If the affected feet have wounds, it is likely that they will become infected. Be sure to check the feet every day to see if symptoms are worsening. Clin J Sport Med. Sept ;25 5 Last updated Jun 20, Trench foot immersion foot. Tactical Emergency Medicine. What is it? Injury Prevention Trench foot may be prevented by keeping feet dry. Return to Play Athletes may return to play when the feet are fully healed, the skin is intact, and there are no signs or symptoms of infection.
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